The Evolution Forum

Go Back   The Evolution Forum > Male Muscle Growth > Muscle Growth Media > Morphs & Artwork
Welcome, Anonymous.
You last visited: Yesterday at 11:53 PM

Notices

Morphs & Artwork Post your morphs and muscle-growth artwork here.

Reply
 
Thread Tools Search this Thread Rate Thread Display Modes
  #121   Add to chronos's Reputation   Report Post  
Old November 22nd, 2008, 10:27 AM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Vermont for college NJ for home
Posts: 232
Thanks: 436
Thanked 9 Times in 8 Posts
Rep Power: 7
chronos is on a distinguished road
Send a message via AIM to chronos Send a message via Yahoo to chronos
u need magic for it to work
__________________
Play nice people.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #122   Add to tom256's Reputation   Report Post  
Old November 22nd, 2008, 01:04 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Nov 2006
Posts: 187
Thanks: 36
Thanked 16 Times in 4 Posts
Rep Power: 8
tom256 is on a distinguished road
Quote:
Originally Posted by omelissokomos View Post


Ouch.
For anyone wanting to know what this is off. It's from a game called 'Left 4 Dead'
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #123   Add to mewletter's Reputation   Report Post  
Old November 23rd, 2008, 06:09 AM
Truth-seeking Skeptic
 
Join Date: May 2004
Posts: 364
Thanks: 2
Thanked 6 Times in 3 Posts
Rep Power: 10
mewletter is on a distinguished road
Left 4 Dead looks fun. And of course the comic describes the 'Evil AI' director in expert mode perfectly.

Did I mention there a giant zombie looks like an Undead Hulk?

Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #124   Add to chronos's Reputation   Report Post  
Old November 24th, 2008, 05:08 AM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Vermont for college NJ for home
Posts: 232
Thanks: 436
Thanked 9 Times in 8 Posts
Rep Power: 7
chronos is on a distinguished road
Send a message via AIM to chronos Send a message via Yahoo to chronos
they're so annoying to kill
__________________
Play nice people.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #125   Add to Aikuchi's Reputation   Report Post  
Old November 24th, 2008, 08:09 AM
Always a fan.
 
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: Malaysia, USJ
Posts: 713
Thanks: 0
Thanked 4 Times in 4 Posts
Rep Power: 10
Aikuchi is on a distinguished road
---

Chronos has got it spot on, Superman is very vulnerable to magic!

--
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #126   Add to chronos's Reputation   Report Post  
Old November 24th, 2008, 10:15 AM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Oct 2007
Location: Vermont for college NJ for home
Posts: 232
Thanks: 436
Thanked 9 Times in 8 Posts
Rep Power: 7
chronos is on a distinguished road
Send a message via AIM to chronos Send a message via Yahoo to chronos
Quote:
Originally Posted by Aikuchi View Post
---

Chronos has got it spot on, Superman is very vulnerable to magic!

--
hehe I knew spending countless hours at jokers child would come in handy one day and it has ^_^
__________________
Play nice people.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #127   Add to Wild's Reputation   Report Post  
Old November 25th, 2008, 01:41 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Oct 2006
Posts: 119
Thanks: 1
Thanked 2 Times in 1 Post
Rep Power: 8
Wild is on a distinguished road
Well... I don't know how he lost his clothes. But unsurprisingly, this was at the back of the book.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #128   Add to BigMuscle12's Reputation   Report Post  
Old November 25th, 2008, 09:24 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Jul 2006
Posts: 86
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 8
BigMuscle12 is on a distinguished road
http://shirtless-superheroes.blogspot.com/
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #129   Add to penguin101's Reputation   Report Post  
Old December 13th, 2008, 02:04 AM
The Expansion King
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Posts: 415
Thanks: 0
Thanked 111 Times in 104 Posts
Rep Power: 9
penguin101 is on a distinguished road
Send a message via AIM to penguin101 Send a message via MSN to penguin101 Send a message via Yahoo to penguin101
According to Wikipedia:

"Reed [Richards] can alter his physical makeup as well. He can, for instance, disguise his appearance to mimic another person, an inanimate object, or even, in one case, mimic the physical form of an extra-terrestrial. He can also concentrate his mass into a single body part, such as when he enlarges a fist into a solid hammer or mace-style weapon. All of these feats require extreme concentration but thanks to his training, and mental discipline, they can be performed rather quickly.

On one occasion, he increased his entire body's size and mass, bulking his body to "Thing"-like proportions while increasing his strength as well."

Can anyone recall an instance from the comics where Mr Fantastic did what it says in the last paragraph?
__________________
In the MGS FC's, I am Bedlam. Because I'm going to Get Ed and make him my malleable toy....

?A man who limits his interests, limits his life.?

- Vincent Price
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #130   Add to Ogrebear's Reputation   Report Post  
Old December 13th, 2008, 08:00 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Dec 2003
Location: UK
Posts: 270
Thanks: 9
Thanked 39 Times in 18 Posts
Rep Power: 11
Ogrebear
There was a shot of Reed all pumped up during the Onslaught mess where he caught the monster about to take Franklin.



Can't think of any others!
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #131   Add to nnnrg's Reputation   Report Post  
Old December 17th, 2008, 01:01 AM
Registered User
 
Join Date: May 2004
Posts: 918
Thanks: 825
Thanked 266 Times in 155 Posts
Rep Power: 10
nnnrg is on a distinguished road
Blargh. That's NOT within the scope of Reed Richards' powers. He doesn't gain mass unless he has access to Pym Particles.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #132   Add to MGN's Reputation   Report Post  
Old February 3rd, 2009, 07:05 PM
MGN MGN is offline
Registered User
 
Join Date: Aug 2004
Posts: 115
Thanks: 0
Thanked 2 Times in 2 Posts
Rep Power: 10
MGN is on a distinguished road
I recently learned that Nickelodeon's website features a number of comics based on their various shows. There I stumbled across a SpongeBob comic titled "Muscle Brain," where Plankton works out and becomes absolutely massive. (Relatively speaking, of course.)

Go here: http://www.nick.com/shows/nick_mag/n...cs/index.jhtml

[COLOR=#d5d5d5]Click on SpongeBob, then scroll down a bit to find it. My major complaint is that the Flash-based viewing area is rather small. And it's Flash-based, so you can't download the images.[/COLOR]
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #133   Add to omelissokomos's Reputation   Report Post  
Old February 14th, 2009, 11:13 PM
The Bee Keeper
 
Join Date: Feb 2003
Location: GMT+08
Posts: 2,158
Thanks: 0
Thanked 52 Times in 29 Posts
Rep Power: 14
omelissokomos has disabled reputation
Send a message via Yahoo to omelissokomos
Garfield

Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #134   Add to TheMM's Reputation   Report Post  
Old February 19th, 2009, 05:38 PM
"This is no trick!"
 
Join Date: Oct 2005
Location: In the shadows...
Posts: 3,233
Thanks: 3
Thanked 44 Times in 28 Posts
Rep Power: 12
TheMM is on a distinguished road
Alternate Costume

http://www.cad-comic.com/comic.php?d=20090218

I wonder how much it would cost for more than 10 minutes...and no clothes?
__________________
In the MGS FC's I am Psycho Mantis!

"Put your controller on the floor...Put it down as flat as you can...That's good. Now I will move your controller by the power of my will alone!"
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #135   Add to WTigerX8's Reputation   Report Post  
Old February 20th, 2009, 08:36 AM
Shadow Hider
 
Join Date: Oct 2004
Posts: 16
Thanks: 3
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post
Rep Power: 0
WTigerX8 is on a distinguished road
Watch Your Head

Not much, but still good.



Also, Dominic Deegan

Last edited by WTigerX8; February 24th, 2009 at 11:19 AM.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #136   Add to BlueMM's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 5th, 2009, 05:40 PM
Soap Scum
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: Oregon
Posts: 92
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 0
BlueMM has disabled reputation


The captain was downtown Portland posing one day.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #137   Add to RadRx's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 5th, 2009, 05:54 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Mar 2003
Location: Los Angeles
Posts: 253
Thanks: 2
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post
Rep Power: 12
RadRx has disabled reputation
Send a message via Yahoo to RadRx
Quote:
Originally Posted by BlueMM View Post
The captain was downtown Portland posing one day.
And even that bronze statue of Portlandia turned to have a look.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #138   Add to BlueMM's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 5th, 2009, 06:44 PM
Soap Scum
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: Oregon
Posts: 92
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 0
BlueMM has disabled reputation
What about Superman?

Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #139   Add to RadRx's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 5th, 2009, 07:00 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Mar 2003
Location: Los Angeles
Posts: 253
Thanks: 2
Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post
Rep Power: 12
RadRx has disabled reputation
Send a message via Yahoo to RadRx
Fairy Godmother said "screw C-minor," adjusted the wand and took aim.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #140   Add to nnnrg's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 6th, 2009, 02:09 AM
Registered User
 
Join Date: May 2004
Posts: 918
Thanks: 825
Thanked 266 Times in 155 Posts
Rep Power: 10
nnnrg is on a distinguished road
Quote:
Originally Posted by RadRx View Post
And even that bronze statue of Portlandia turned to have a look.
AND those headwings still look stupid.


So that has to be the original Cap (Steve Rogers) and not Bucky "Winter Solder" Barnes, right? He's got the beginning of a fine Oregonian pallor there.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #141   Add to hearmenowu2's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 12th, 2009, 04:21 PM
Evolution MG Animator
 
Join Date: May 2007
Posts: 693
Thanks: 1
Thanked 21 Times in 21 Posts
Rep Power: 7
hearmenowu2 is on a distinguished road
The Flash

Do you mind if I post this here guys ?



I was watching the watchmen recently and got inspired to do some comic book characters first up so far is the Flash
I didnt want him huge I just wanted him to look as he is in the comics.... ripped I also wanted that child like charm showing in him aswell cause really hes a smartarse

hearmenowu2
__________________
check out my DA page HERE for some muscle growth animations

or go to MY PB page HERE to stream my videos and more

or visit MM's yahoo page HERE to see some of the pics that i put there that cant be posted anywhere else for obvious reasons ...

my Imageshack page
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #142   Add to phoenix2000's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 13th, 2009, 01:09 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Aug 2006
Posts: 378
Thanks: 0
Thanked 8 Times in 8 Posts
Rep Power: 8
phoenix2000 is on a distinguished road
Quote:
Originally Posted by hearmenowu2 View Post
Do you mind if I post this here guys ?



I was watching the watchmen recently and got inspired to do some comic book characters first up so far is the Flash
I didnt want him huge I just wanted him to look as he is in the comics.... ripped I also wanted that child like charm showing in him aswell cause really hes a smartarse

hearmenowu2
hearme! that is one awesome pic! ever considering doing the whole justice league? mmmmmm "doing the whole justice league!"
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #143   Add to BlueMM's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 14th, 2009, 03:12 PM
Soap Scum
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Location: Oregon
Posts: 92
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 0
BlueMM has disabled reputation
Quote:
Originally Posted by nnnrg View Post
AND those headwings still look stupid.


So that has to be the original Cap (Steve Rogers) and not Bucky "Winter Solder" Barnes, right? He's got the beginning of a fine Oregonian pallor there.

The headwings are a prop someone made. Deal with it.

I bet I can tan darker than you. Pffft. Whatever.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #144   Add to phoenix2000's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 26th, 2009, 08:36 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Aug 2006
Posts: 378
Thanks: 0
Thanked 8 Times in 8 Posts
Rep Power: 8
phoenix2000 is on a distinguished road
Hey ALL!

Just picked up an issue of the DARK AVENGERS! AND HOLY COW though they are mostly a bunch of villains...then got HUGE MUSCLE!



especially this guy! personally i dont know why with a body like that...he even bothers wearing clothes! but hey, thank marvel for spandex!

Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #145   Add to chocomus's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 27th, 2009, 07:33 AM
LDF (Lazy Drawing Freak)
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Spain
Posts: 2,126
Thanks: 593
Thanked 80 Times in 65 Posts
Rep Power: 12
chocomus is on a distinguished road
Quote:
Originally Posted by phoenix2000 View Post
Hey ALL!

Just picked up an issue of the DARK AVENGERS! AND HOLY COW though they are mostly a bunch of villains...then got HUGE MUSCLE!



especially this guy! personally i dont know why with a body like that...he even bothers wearing clothes! but hey, thank marvel for spandex!

Here in spain the avengers comic came out with months delay (we're still with the not-that-secret-anymore invasion)
they look like noh-var, centinel, ms marvel, ironman/cap (wtf?), ares, wolverine, hawkeye and spiderman. i wonder why the old costumes. Is it a different story? a what if?

Wow the sentinell does have huge quads! and about time spiderman started to get a bit more buff

and in the youngavengers/ruaways comic, noh-varr looked even more muscled (and meanier)
__________________
The Internet is for PORN!
-Trekkie-

http://chocomus.deviantart.com/
http://yaoi.y-gallery.net/user/chocomus/
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #146   Add to MGN's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 27th, 2009, 12:37 PM
MGN MGN is offline
Registered User
 
Join Date: Aug 2004
Posts: 115
Thanks: 0
Thanked 2 Times in 2 Posts
Rep Power: 10
MGN is on a distinguished road
Quote:
Originally Posted by chocomus View Post
Here in spain the avengers comic came out with months delay (we're still with the not-that-secret-anymore invasion)
they look like noh-var, centinel, ms marvel, ironman/cap (wtf?), ares, wolverine, hawkeye and spiderman. i wonder why the old costumes. Is it a different story? a what if?
They're villains posing as new versions of the heroes. The Cap/Iron Man combo is Norman Osborn, for instance. The "new" Spidey is the current Venom, and so on.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #147   Add to chocomus's Reputation   Report Post  
Old March 28th, 2009, 10:33 AM
LDF (Lazy Drawing Freak)
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Spain
Posts: 2,126
Thanks: 593
Thanked 80 Times in 65 Posts
Rep Power: 12
chocomus is on a distinguished road
Quote:
Originally Posted by MGN View Post
They're villains posing as new versions of the heroes. The Cap/Iron Man combo is Norman Osborn, for instance. The "new" Spidey is the current Venom, and so on.
oh, damn! don't tell me moonstone is the blondie Carol is sooo gonna kick her ass for that
Venom without the sticky wet huge tongue.... not the usual thing on him (and he should be bulkier)
__________________
The Internet is for PORN!
-Trekkie-

http://chocomus.deviantart.com/
http://yaoi.y-gallery.net/user/chocomus/
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #148   Add to dynakor's Reputation   Report Post  
Old April 13th, 2009, 03:22 PM
being boring
 
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: FL
Posts: 13
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 0
dynakor is on a distinguished road
Some of my art...

Wiccan & Hulkling


He-Man


Blue Devil


more at: http://dynakor.deviantart.com
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #149   Add to dynakor's Reputation   Report Post  
Old April 13th, 2009, 03:26 PM
being boring
 
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: FL
Posts: 13
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 0
dynakor is on a distinguished road
Wolverine


Peter Cannon, Thunderbolt


Captain America
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #150   Add to dynakor's Reputation   Report Post  
Old April 13th, 2009, 03:31 PM
being boring
 
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: FL
Posts: 13
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 0
dynakor is on a distinguished road
Brainiac 5


Ferro Lad


Cosmic Boy


Timber Wolf


Lightning Lad


Long Live The Legion!

http://dynakor.deviantart.com
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #151   Add to dynakor's Reputation   Report Post  
Old April 13th, 2009, 03:35 PM
being boring
 
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: FL
Posts: 13
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 0
dynakor is on a distinguished road
my inks, J.A. Fludd pencils




Thor


this was based on a photo taken by me...


http://dynakor.deviantart.com
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #152   Add to dynakor's Reputation   Report Post  
Old April 13th, 2009, 03:37 PM
being boring
 
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: FL
Posts: 13
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 0
dynakor is on a distinguished road




http://dynakor.deviantart.com
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #153   Add to chocomus's Reputation   Report Post  
Old April 14th, 2009, 05:21 AM
LDF (Lazy Drawing Freak)
 
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Spain
Posts: 2,126
Thanks: 593
Thanked 80 Times in 65 Posts
Rep Power: 12
chocomus is on a distinguished road
Not bad, bud
I like it
__________________
The Internet is for PORN!
-Trekkie-

http://chocomus.deviantart.com/
http://yaoi.y-gallery.net/user/chocomus/
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #154   Add to Aikuchi's Reputation   Report Post  
Old April 14th, 2009, 09:39 AM
Always a fan.
 
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: Malaysia, USJ
Posts: 713
Thanks: 0
Thanked 4 Times in 4 Posts
Rep Power: 10
Aikuchi is on a distinguished road
Hairy chested reggie looks real hot
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #155   Add to dynakor's Reputation   Report Post  
Old April 14th, 2009, 10:25 AM
being boring
 
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: FL
Posts: 13
Thanks: 0
Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Rep Power: 0
dynakor is on a distinguished road
Here are two more pieces I pulled inking duty on...

Atom Smasher


Blue Beetle & Booster Gold
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #156   Add to omelissokomos's Reputation   Report Post  
Old June 28th, 2009, 03:08 AM
The Bee Keeper
 
Join Date: Feb 2003
Location: GMT+08
Posts: 2,158
Thanks: 0
Thanked 52 Times in 29 Posts
Rep Power: 14
omelissokomos has disabled reputation
Send a message via Yahoo to omelissokomos
Barack the Barbarian



Larry Hama writes the political satire mini-series that has Barack facing off against the likes of Sorceress Hilaria, Overlord Boosh, Chainknee of the Elephant Kingdom and Red Sarah.
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #157   Add to omelissokomos's Reputation   Report Post  
Old August 17th, 2009, 03:46 PM
The Bee Keeper
 
Join Date: Feb 2003
Location: GMT+08
Posts: 2,158
Thanks: 0
Thanked 52 Times in 29 Posts
Rep Power: 14
omelissokomos has disabled reputation
Send a message via Yahoo to omelissokomos
Fan-made trailer for a Captain America movie


Short film where the clips of Big Ben Ryan came from

Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #158   Add to Ogrebear's Reputation   Report Post  
Old August 17th, 2009, 04:14 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Dec 2003
Location: UK
Posts: 270
Thanks: 9
Thanked 39 Times in 18 Posts
Rep Power: 11
Ogrebear
He makes a fair case there!
Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #159   Add to Ogrebear's Reputation   Report Post  
Old September 8th, 2009, 02:08 PM
Registered User
 
Join Date: Dec 2003
Location: UK
Posts: 270
Thanks: 9
Thanked 39 Times in 18 Posts
Rep Power: 11
Ogrebear
In celebration of the Marvel-Disney 'merger' Worth1000 are doing a photo manip contest HERE. Go and check them out, some are fantastic.

One fav:

Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
  #160   Add to omelissokomos's Reputation   Report Post  
Old September 18th, 2009, 07:07 PM
The Bee Keeper
 
Join Date: Feb 2003
Location: GMT+08
Posts: 2,158
Thanks: 0
Thanked 52 Times in 29 Posts
Rep Power: 14
omelissokomos has disabled reputation
Send a message via Yahoo to omelissokomos
Garfield 2009-09-18

Reply With Quote Multi-Quote This Message Quick reply to this message Thanks
Reply

Quick Reply
Message:
Remove Text Formatting
Bold
Italic
Underline
Insert Image
Wrap [QUOTE] tags around selected text
 
Decrease Size
Increase Size
Switch Editor Mode
Options


Posting Rules
You may post new threads
You may post replies
You may not post attachments
You may edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off

Forum Jump


All times are GMT -7. The time now is 04:46 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.7
Copyright ©2000 - 2014, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
Addendum by archiver: This page was originally part of musclegrowth.org and exists as part of an overall archive under Fair Use. It was created on April 16 for the purpose of preserving the original site exactly as rendered. Minor changes have been made to facilitate offline use; no content has been altered. All authors retain copyright of their works. The archive or pages within may not be used for commercial purposes.